The technology that underpins virtual private networks (VPNs) includes encryption protocols and secure tunneling methods. VPNs create a private and secure connection over the internet, allowing users to access resources and communicate securely. By encrypting data packets, VPNs protect sensitive information from interception while in transit. Technologies like IPSec and OpenVPN are commonly used for this purpose, aiding in privacy protection, especially when using public networks, and enhancing security for remote workers or those accessing restricted content.