The type of cloud service that offers computational resources as needed is known as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet, allowing users to access hardware such as servers, storage, and networking without having to invest in physical infrastructure. This model is particularly beneficial for businesses looking to scale operations quickly. Users pay only for the resources they consume, enabling cost-effectiveness and flexibility. Examples of IaaS providers include AWS (Amazon Web Services) and Microsoft Azure, which offer robust solutions for various computing needs.