A virtual private network (VPN) is categorized as a type of network security that provides a secure and private connection over the internet. VPNs achieve this by encrypting user data, masking IP addresses, and routing internet traffic through remote servers. This technology is particularly beneficial for maintaining online privacy, bypassing geographical restrictions, and securing communication on public Wi-Fi networks. By using a VPN, users can enhance their data protection and anonymity, making it an essential tool in today’s increasingly digital world.