Hard disk drives (HDD) use rotating disks to read and write data. These storage devices operate based on magnetic storage principles, where data is written and accessed by moving read/write heads over spinning platters. HDDs have been a traditional and widely used storage technology due to their high capacity and cost-effectiveness for bulk data storage. However, they are slower compared to solid-state drives (SSDs), which use flash memory to store data. Despite being overshadowed by newer technologies, HDDs remain popular for certain applications, particularly where large storage capacity is required at a lower cost.