The technology that allows for secure communication between users over public networks is called encryption. Encryption transforms data into a coded format that can only be deciphered by authorized users with the correct decryption key. This process protects sensitive information during transmission over unsecured networks, such as the Internet, preventing unauthorized access and ensuring confidentiality. Various encryption protocols, such as SSL/TLS and VPNs, are widely used to enhance data security for online communications and transactions.