The technology that allows real-time communication over the web is WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication). This open-source project enables audio, video, and data sharing between browsers without the need for plugins or additional software. WebRTC is widely used in applications like video conferencing, peer-to-peer file sharing, and online collaboration tools. By providing a set of standardized protocols and APIs, it simplifies real-time communication, improving user experiences in various web-based applications and enhancing the capabilities of modern web platforms.