The type of network topology that connects all devices to a central hub is known as a star topology. In a star topology, each device (such as computers or printers) connects independently to a central hub or switch, which manages data traffic. This structure simplifies network management and improves fault tolerance, as the failure of one device typically does not affect others. However, if the central hub fails, the entire network becomes inoperable, illustrating both strengths and weaknesses of this configuration.