The necessary software for programming and running mobile applications includes mobile app development frameworks and application programming interfaces (APIs). Popular frameworks such as React Native, Flutter, and Xamarin provide the tools needed to build cross-platform apps efficiently. Additionally, developers use compilers or integrated development environments (IDEs) like Android Studio and Xcode for building, debugging, and running mobile applications. These technologies enable the seamless creation and testing of apps tailored to the specific requirements of various operating systems, such as iOS and Android.